ύπνωση, υπνοθεραπεία, υπνωτισμός, υπνοθεραπευτής, υπνοθεραπεία

 

 

 

 

 

Για να μεταφράσετε το κείμενο στα ελληνικά η οποιαδήποτε άλλη γλώσσα πατήστε το ,παρακάτω κουμπί και επιλέξτε

 

 

 

Θετικά Αποτελέσματα ερευνών στην ύπνωση από τα μεγαλύτερα ιατρικά πανεπιστήμια στον κόσμο

Hypnosis & Bone Fracture:
The Harvard Medical School conducted research on the use of hypnosis to enhance physical healing. Twelve people with a recent bone fracture were divided into two groups. One group received hypnosis and the other group served as control. Both groups received standard orthopedic treatment. The hypnosis group had individual hypnotic sessions and listened to audio tapes designed to increase bone healing. Xray and orthopedic evaluations were made during the 12 weeks of the experiment.

The results showed a faster healing for the hypnosis group at week 9 of the experiment.   Xrays revealed a notable difference at the edge of the fracture at  week 6 of the experiment.  The hypnosis group also had better mobility and used less pain killers. The researchers conclude by saying that "despite a small sample size.... these data suggest that hypnosis may be capable of enhancing both anatomical and functional fracture healing, and that further investigation of hypnosis to accelerate healing is warranted."

The article was "Using hypnosis to accelerate the healing of bone  fractures: a randomized controlled pilot study", by Ginandes, CS,  Rosenthal, DI. Alternative Therapy Health Medicine, 1999,  March, 5(2), pp.67-75.

Weight Loss
A study from the University of Connecticut, Storrs, suggests that long term results are better when hypnosis is part of the therapy package particularly if the patient is a believer in hypnosis.

Researchers analyzed 18 studies comparing a cognitive behavioral therapy, such as relaxation training, guided imagery, self monitoring or goal setting with the same therapy supplemented by hypnosis.  Those who received the hypnosis lost more weight than 90 percent of the non hypnosis, and maintained the weight loss two years after treatment ended.

The placebo effect may account for some of hypnosis's success, says Irving Kirsch, PhD professor of psychology.  Although therapeutic suggestion and relaxation training were used in both hypnotic and non hypnotic sessions, they worked much better when they were referred to as "hypnosis" techniques, he notes.

Self-Hypnosis Can Cut Stress and Boost Your Immune System
A number of studies have suggested stress can hinder the body's immune system defenses. Now researchers say people may be able to fight back with the stress-relieving techniques of self-hypnosis.

In a study of medical students under exam-time stress, investigators found that those who received "hypnotic-relaxation training" did not show the same reduction in key immune system components that their untrained counterparts did.

The researchers looked at 33 medical and dental students during relatively low-stress periods and around the time of the first major exam of the term. Half of the students attended sessions where they learned to relax through self-hypnosis.

The investigators found that during exam time, the self-hypnosis students launched stronger immune responses compared with students who did not learn the technique. And the more often students practiced the relaxation strategy, the stronger their immune response.

In previous studies, the researchers found that stressful times may impair the body's wound-healing process and response to vaccination. They and other researchers have also found that relaxation techniques may combat these effects by relieving stress and boosting the immune system.

The data from this study provide encouraging evidence that interventions may reduce the immunological dysregulation associated with acute stressors.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2001;69 Relax and live longer
by Emma Young

Patients with Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma live longer if they receive relaxation and hypnotherapy treatment along with standard chemotherapy. Similar approaches has resulted in mixed results for other cancers.Leslie Walker of Hull University studied 63 patients with newly diagnosed cancers, all of whom were receiving chemotherapy and standard anti-nausea drugs. The patients were split into three groups. One group was given relaxation tapes, another received the tapes plus hypnotherapy to reinforce their effect. The third received neither. Walker followed up the patients 13 years after diagnosis. "We found that the patients who had received relaxation or relaxation and hypnotherapy lived significantly longer," he says.

New lease of life

On average, patients in the relaxation and hypnotherapy group lived an average of 10.7 years after diagnosis, patients who used only the tapes lived 8.7 years and patients with neither lived 7.8 years. But Walker stresses that the patients differed in age and the stage of disease when treatment started. So although the differences are significant, translating hypnotherapy plus relaxation into three extra years of life is not possible, he says. How the relaxation and hypnotherapy may increase survival is not clear. Other studies of cancer patients have found that similar treatments can boost levels of killer T cells. But researchers have not been able to link this rise with increased survival."Chemotherapy and radiotherapy tend to suppress immune system functioning, so small interventions may help patients be more resistant to these effects," Walker says.

This research was presented at the British Psychological Society's Centenary Conference in Glasgow, UK.  Submitted by Todd I. Stark, toddstark@aol.com, http://ToddStark.com/

Wagstaff GF, Royce C Hypnosis and the treatment of nail biting: a preliminary trial Contemporary Hypnosis 1994;11(1):9-13 Examined the efficacy of hypnotherapeutic suggestions alone or preceded by hypnotic induction in the treatment of nail biting. The influences of motivation to improve, belief in effectiveness of treatment, and level of imaginative involvement were also examined. Subjects were 17 undergraduates (aged 19-22 yrs). Results indicate that only suggestions preceded by hypnotic induction resulted in symptom improvement. Belief in efficacy predicted treatment success better than motivation, hypnotic induction, or scores on the Creative Imagination Scale. Within the group receiving hypnotic induction, hypnotic depth scores significantly correlated with treatment success.

Wall VJ. Womack W. Hypnotic versus active cognitive strategies for alleviation of procedural distress in pediatric oncology patients. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis 1989;31(3):181-91 This study provided a differential comparison of the efficacy of standardized instruction in hypnosis or active cognitive strategy for provision of relief from procedurally induced pain and anxiety. Subjects were instructed to self-direct in the use of strategies during medical procedures. Twenty pediatric oncology patients participated in the study. They were not informed that hypnosis was one of the strategies. Subjects were screened for hypnotizability and randomly assigned to treatments. Demographic data were collected. Pre-strategy training observations were made during a Bone Marrow Aspiration or Lumbar Puncture (BMA/LP) using visual analog scales, the McGill Pain Questionnaire, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, pulse and temperature readings, and interview. Following strategy training, data were collected during a second BMA/LP using the same measures as employed pre-intervention. Results indicated that both strategies were effective in providing pain reduction. Neither technique provided for anxiety reduction. Hypnotizability scale scores failed to correlate with degree of pain reduction.

Weaver DB Hypnotherapy audiotapes for the treatment of chronic insomnia Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine 1996;2(4):94-5

Whitehouse WG. Dinges DF. Orne EC. Keller SE. Bates BL. Bauer NK. Morahan P. Haupt BA. Carlin MM. Bloom PB. Zaugg L. Orne MT. Psychosocial and immune effects of self-hypnosis training for stress management throughout the first semester of medical school. Psychosomatic Medicine. 1996;58(3):249-63 This study was a 19-week prospective conducted to determine the effectiveness of a self-hypnosis/relaxation intervention to relieve symptoms of psychological distress and moderate immune system reactivity to examination stress in 35 first-year medical students. Twenty-one subjects were randomly selected for training in the use of self-hypnosis as a coping skill and were encouraged to practice regularly and to maintain daily diary records related to mood, sleep, physical symptoms, and frequency of relaxation practice. An additional 14 subjects received no explicit training in stress-reduction strategies, but completed similar daily diaries. Self-report psychosocial and symptom measures, as well as blood draws, were obtained at four time points: orientation, late semester, examination period, and postsemester recovery. It was found that significant increases in stress and fatigue occurred during the examination period, paralleled by increases in counts of B lymphocytes and activated T lymphocytes, PHA-induced and PWM-induced blastogenesis, and natural killer cell (NK) cytotoxicity. No immune decreases were observed. Subjects in the self-hypnosis condition reported significantly less distress and anxiety than their nonintervention counterparts, but the two groups did not differ with respect to immune function. Nevertheless, within the self-hypnosis group, the quality of the exercises (ie, relaxation ratings) predicted both the number of NK cells and NK activity. It was concluded that stress associated with academic demands affects immune function, but immune suppression is not inevitable. Practice of self-hypnosis reduces distress, without differential immune effects. However, individual responses to the self-hypnosis intervention appear to predict immune outcomes.

Whitehouse WG. Dinges DF. Orne EC. Orne MT. Hypnotic hypermnesia: enhanced memory accessibility or report bias?. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 1988;97(3):289-95 Laboratory studies of hypnotic hypermnesia have yielded inconsistent evidence of memory enhancement, and the process responsible for the occasional positive findings have eluded identification. The present experiment assessed delayed recall for filmed material under conditions in which subjects were required to answer all questions, by guessing if necessary. They also rated confidence in the accuracy of each response. After an initial wake-baseline forced-recall test, subjects were randomly assigned to hypnosis or waking conditions for a second forced-recall test. Both groups of subjects recalled additional correct details on the second test, but the magnitude of this hypermnesia was no greater for subjects exposed to the hypnosis treatment. Hypnotized subjects did, however, exhibit a significantly greater increase in confidence for responses designated as "guesses" on the prior waking test--a finding consistent with the view that hypnosis engenders a shift in the subjective criterion for what constitutes a "memory." Implications of these findings for the use of hypnosis in forensic situations are discussed.

Whorwell PJ. Houghton LA. Taylor EE. Maxton DG. Physiological effects of emotion: assessment via hypnosis. Lancet 1992;340(8811):69-72 Assessment of the physiological effects of physical and emotional stress has been hampered by a lack of suitable laboratory techniques. Since hypnosis can be used safely to induce specific emotional states of considerable intensity, we studied the effect on distal colonic motility of three hypnotically induced emotions (excitement, anger, and happiness) in 18 patients aged 20-48 years with irritable bowel syndrome. Colonic motility index was reduced by hypnosis on its own (mean change 19.1; 95% CI 0.8, 37.3; p less than 0.05) and this change was accompanied by decreases in both pulse (12; 8, 15) and respiration (6; 4, 8) rates (p less than 0.001 for both). Anger and excitement increased the colonic motility index (50.8; 29.4, 72.2; and 30.4; 8.9, 51.9, respectively; p less than 0.01 for both), pulse rate (26; 22, 30; and 28; 24, 32; p less than 0.001 for both), and respiration rate (14; 12, 16; and 12; 10, 14; p less than 0.001 for both). Happiness further reduced colonic motility although not significantly from that observed during hypnosis alone. Changes in motility were mainly due to alterations in rate than in amplitude of contractions. Our results indicate that hypnosis may help in the investigation of the effects of emotion on physiological functions; this approach could be useful outside the gastrointestinal system. Our observation that hypnosis strikingly reduces fasting colonic motility may partly explain the beneficial effects of this form of therapy in functional bowel disorders.

 

 

 

Προσοχή. Η κλινική υπνοθεραπεία είναι επίσημα αναγνωρισμένη θεραπεία από την ιατρική και την ψυχολογία, πρέπει να εφαρμόζετε μόνο από ειδικούς επιστήμονες , ιατρούς , ψυχολόγους, σύμβουλους. κ.α, οι οποίοι πέρα από τίτλο σπουδών στην υπνοθεραπεία πρέπει απαραίτητα να κατέχουν τίτλο σπουδών σε κάποια ανθρωπιστική επιστήμη.
Η κλινική ύπνωση δεν έχει καμία σχέση με παραψυχολογία, μαγεία, αστρολογία, επαφές με άλλες οντότητες, μυστήριο, ενέργειες, θρησκεύτηκες πεποιθήσεις, κ.α, σεβόμαστε τις παραπάνω κατηγορίες, ο καθένας είναι ελεύθερος να πιστεύει ότι επιθυμεί, αλλά ξεκαθαρίζουμε την θέση της κλινικής ύπνωσης, η οποία πρέπει να χρησιμοποιείτε μόνο για την θεραπεία ψυχικών και σωματικών παθήσεων, να είστε ιδιαίτερα προσεκτικοί στην επιλογή του θεραπευτή , να ζητάτε πάντα πληροφορίες ως προς το βιογραφικό του και που διδαχτικέ την κλινική ύπνωση, σε πιο σύλλογο ανήκει κ.α, σεμινάρια δύο και τριών ημερών, ανάγνωση ενός η και περισσότερων βιβλίων ύπνωσης, μεταφυσικές ανησυχίες, δεν κάνουν κάποιον υπνοθεραπευτή, αυτά προς αποκατάσταση του ονόματος της επιστήμης της κλινικής ύπνωσης
Η κλινική ύπνωση εφαρμόζετε σαν θεραπεία στα μεγαλύτερα νοσοκομεία του κόσμου και διδάσκετε σε ιατρικές σχολές
North Institute of Clinical Hypnosis (N.I.C.H).

 

 

ΑΠΑΓΟΡΕΥΕΤΑΙ η αντιγραφή, η αναδημοσίευση, η αναπαραγωγή, ολική, μερική ή περιληπτική, ή κατά παράφραση, ή διασκευή απόδοση του περιεχομένου της παρούσας ηλεκτρονικής σελίδας με οποιονδήποτε τρόπο, μηχανικό, ηλεκτρονικό, φωτοτυπικό, ηχογράφησης ή άλλο, χωρίς προηγούμενη γραπτή άδεια του δημιουργού της παρούσας  ιστοσελίδας κ. Κίμογλου Γ. Δημήτριου (Νόμος 2121/1993 και κανόνες Διεθνούς Δικαίου πού ισχύουν στην Ελλάδα)